Workplace Discrimination
The Equality Act 2010 protects you from being treated less favourably at work because of a "protected characteristic." Unlike unfair dismissal, there's no qualifying period of service and compensation is uncapped.
Cases on file
1546
Claimant win rate
41%
Cases reaching a determination
Median damages awarded
£16,418
Where compensation was awarded
Discrimination by protected characteristic
Browse cases by the ground of discrimination. Many cases involve more than one — you'll find them counted under each. Win rates show how often the claimant succeeded (in full or in part) among cases that reached a determination on the merits.
Disability
545Failure to make reasonable adjustments, dismissal after long-term illness, performance issues linked to a disability.
- Claimant win rate
- 47%
- Median award
- £22,612
Race
332Treatment based on nationality, ethnic origin, skin colour, or accent — including racial harassment.
- Claimant win rate
- 30%
- Median award
- £12,823
Sex
149Sex-based treatment including sexual harassment and gender-pay disputes (which often appear here).
- Claimant win rate
- 48%
- Median award
- £17,643
Age
111Forced retirement, redundancy selection based on age, "overqualified" rejection patterns.
- Claimant win rate
- 42%
- Median award
- £26,077
Pregnancy & maternity
99Dismissal or detriment connected to pregnancy, maternity leave, or related medical conditions.
- Claimant win rate
- 70%
- Median award
- £23,823
Religion or belief
43Religious dress codes, time off for observance, philosophical beliefs (e.g. gender-critical views).
- Claimant win rate
- 19%
- Median award
- £16,462
Sexual orientation
16Treatment because of actual or perceived sexual orientation, including hostile workplace environments.
- Claimant win rate
- 19%
- Median award
- £355,870
Gender reassignment
3Discrimination connected with gender transition or trans identity.
- Claimant win rate
- 0%
- Median award
- —
Victimisation
3Punished for making or supporting a discrimination complaint — a "protected act".
- Claimant win rate
- 33%
- Median award
- £5,005
How claims actually progress
Many unfair dismissal claims never reach a hearing on the merits — they're struck out, out of time, or fall outside the tribunal's jurisdiction. This is independent of why the dismissal happened.
1193
77% of allTribunal decided whether the dismissal was fair.
133
9% of allClaim ended early — usually for non-attendance, non-compliance, or no reasonable prospect.
147
10% of allClaim filed after the 3-month limit and not extended.
62
4% of allClaimant lacked two years’ service, the right employment status, or the tribunal had no power to hear it.
11
1% of allClaim resolved without a hearing.
How a discrimination claim is structured
The claimant has to establish facts from which the tribunal could conclude discrimination occurred. If they do, the burden shifts to the employer to prove a non-discriminatory reason for the treatment. This "shifting burden" (section 136 Equality Act 2010) is one of the most important features of discrimination law.
The four main types of claim
- Direct discrimination — treated worse because of the protected characteristic itself
- Indirect discrimination — a policy that disadvantages a protected group
- Harassment — unwanted conduct related to a protected characteristic
- Victimisation — punished for making or supporting a complaint about discrimination
Disability discrimination has extra protections: a duty to make reasonable adjustments, and a separate claim for "discrimination arising from disability" (section 15) which doesn't require comparison with anyone else.
Cases on Discrimination
Showing the 20 most recent of 1546 cases
Bank employee v Lloyds Bank Plc
A bank employee's unfair dismissal claim was dismissed as out of time, even though the tribunal accepted her severe mental health made it not reasonably practicable to claim within the first three months.
Dismissed · Mar 2026Dismissed—Mar 2026Agency worker supplied to NHS Trust v Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
An agency worker who withdrew her employment tribunal claims and then tried to revoke the withdrawal has had her case dismissed. The tribunal ruled the withdrawal was valid and could not be undone.
Dismissed · Dec 2025Dismissed—Dec 2025Qualified social worker (over 20 years' experience) v Devon County Council
An experienced social worker's race discrimination and constructive dismissal claims against Devon County Council were dismissed because she presented her claim too late, and the tribunal refused to extend time.
Dismissed · Jul 2025Dismissed—Jul 2025Former employee v Landmark Space Ltd
A former employee who withdrew her unfair dismissal claim against Landmark Space Ltd could not revive it, even after applying for reconsideration. The tribunal confirmed it has no power to set aside a withdrawal.
Dismissed · Jan 2025Dismissed—Jan 2025Former employee v Prestige Dental Services Limited
A tribunal has set aside its own earlier judgments after admitting it should have telephoned the respondent before proceeding in their absence. The case will now be reheard.
Remitted · Jan 2025Remitted—Jan 2025Café worker (6 months' service) v Samantha Dalton
A café worker with only six months' service was automatically unfairly dismissed after asking for a written contract. The tribunal awarded over £2,000 including injury to feelings for age discrimination.
Won · £2,068 · Jan 2025Won£2,068Jan 2025Community Development Manager (2 years' service) v Spelthorne Borough Council
A Community Development Manager who claimed she was dismissed for whistleblowing lost her case. The tribunal found the council's decision was due to an irretrievable breakdown in working relationships, not her protected disclosures.
Lost · Jan 2025Lost—Jan 2025Taxi driver (private hire vehicle) v Mr R Tidman
A private hire taxi driver was found to be an employee of the vehicle owner and a worker of the dispatch company. He was awarded £5,181.48 for unlawful deduction of wages, but his age discrimination claim was dismissed.
Partial · £5,181 · Jul 2024Partial£5,181Jul 2024Bar supervisor on zero-hours contract (2 years' service) v Independent gastropub
A hospitality worker on a zero-hours contract had her shifts cut from 35 a week to zero within a fortnight of telling her manager she was pregnant. The tribunal awarded over £22,000.
Won · £22,640 · Jul 2024Won£22,640Jul 2024Payments consultant (via limited company) v Paymentsense Limited
A tribunal has granted a payments consultant permission to amend his claim to include wrongful dismissal and National Minimum Wage complaints, but refused to add automatic unfair dismissal. The case highlights the hurdles of bringing claims when working through a limited company.
Partial · Jun 2024Partial—Jun 2024Chartered accountant (former employee) v Bennbridge Services LLP
A former chartered accountant who made multiple applications to amend her whistleblowing and sex discrimination claims avoided a costs order, even though most amendments were refused. The tribunal said her conduct was not unreasonable or vexatious.
Lost · May 2024Lost—May 2024Handyman (former employee) v HMS Maintenance Solutions Limited
A handyman with ADHD resigned claiming constructive dismissal after alleged bullying and failure to make adjustments. The tribunal found no fundamental breach of trust and confidence, and the claim failed.
Lost · Apr 2024Lost—Apr 2024Special educational needs and disability learning support assistant (10 months' service) v The Governing Body of Horndean Junior School
A tribunal dismissed all claims of race and religion discrimination brought by a learning support assistant against Horndean Junior School, finding her evidence unreliable and the school's grievance process thorough.
Lost · Apr 2024Lost—Apr 2024Delivery driver (2.5 years' service) v NHK Enfield Ltd
A delivery driver was unfairly dismissed after his manager told him 'I don't need you any more' and used abusive language. The Watford tribunal awarded £4,656 in compensation.
Partial · £4,656 · Mar 2024Partial£4,656Mar 2024Former employee (5 years' service) v Fairview Grocers Limited
A former employee of Fairview Grocers Limited was unfairly dismissed without any meeting or right of appeal, but his own conduct led to a 60% cut in compensation. He was awarded £3,752.89 in total.
Partial · £3,753 · Mar 2024Partial£3,753Mar 2024Control Room Team Leader (11 years' service) v MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Limited t/a MTR Elizabeth Line
A tribunal found that MTR Elizabeth Line unfairly dismissed a control room team leader of 11 years over a hug and alleged anti-Semitic comments, but reduced compensation by 75% due to his own conduct.
Partial · £23,361 · Jan 2024Partial£23,361Jan 2024Sonographer (9 months' service) v Woodhaze Ltd t/a Window to the Womb (Swansea)
A black African sonographer was racially harassed and discriminated against after being required to perform cleaning duties and threatened with deportation. The tribunal awarded £33,611.12.
Won · £33,611 · Jan 2024Won£33,611Jan 2024Former employee and one-third shareholder v Yellowcoat Holdings Limited
A former employee and shareholder sought extensive disclosure of communications between his employer and an external investigator. The tribunal refused, finding the request was not necessary for fair disposal.
Dismissed · Jan 2024Dismissed—Jan 2024Former employee v Marks and Spencer PLC
A former employee's unfair dismissal and disability discrimination claims against Marks and Spencer were struck out after she failed to comply with tribunal orders and did not actively pursue her claim.
Dismissed · Jan 2024Dismissed—Jan 2024Warehouse operative (18 years' service) v ASDA Stores Limited
An employment tribunal found ASDA unfairly dismissed a warehouse operative with 18 years' service after failing to investigate his mitigation evidence, awarding £14,817 in compensation.
Won · £14,817 · Jan 2024Won£14,817Jan 2024
Use the filters above to drill into specific outcomes, damages ranges, or years.
Common questions on Discrimination
Plain-English answers to the questions people most often search for, each one drawing on real cases from our archive.
Can you be fired while on sick leave in the UK?
Yes, but only if the employer has a fair reason (usually capability) and follows a fair process — including obtaining up-to-date medical evidence and considering reasonable adjustments. If they don't, the dismissal is likely to be unfair, and disability discrimination claims may also apply.
When is a dismissal for long-term sickness fair in the UK?
A long-term sickness dismissal can be fair if the employer has a current medical opinion, has consulted the employee meaningfully, has considered reasonable adjustments and redeployment, and the absence is genuinely incompatible with the role's needs. Skipping any of those steps usually makes the dismissal unfair — even when the underlying medical position is clear.
Frequently asked
- What are the protected characteristics?
- Age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation.
- What's the difference between direct and indirect discrimination?
- Direct discrimination is treating someone worse because of a protected characteristic. Indirect discrimination is applying a neutral rule that puts a protected group at a disadvantage — and which the employer can't objectively justify.
- Is compensation capped?
- No. Unlike unfair dismissal, discrimination awards are uncapped. They include financial loss, injury to feelings (currently up to about £58,700 in the most serious cases under the Vento bands), and sometimes aggravated or exemplary damages.
- Do I need two years' service?
- No. Discrimination protection applies from day one — and even before you're employed (it covers recruitment).
